Literature Review- Resistance to Change - 1391 Words

ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT Assignment 2 – Literature Review It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change. - Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882) Term 2, 2013 Prepared By: Kien Khang LIEU Table of Contents Abstract Resistance to change is always an obstacle for organisation when they try to implementing change. But what is resistance†¦show more content†¦Therefore one could argue that resistance to change is not a response or action that aims directly at change but rather a failure of building a relationship between the management team and the team members of the organisation. Thus it is the management team responsible as well for the arising of resistance to change as it is an active participation of the process. A change is the process of changing the old way or usual way of doing thing and implements a new way or different path of doing thing and thus change could create fear of the unknown for the participants (Mintzberg Waters, 1985)6. In order to make change happen, it is important for both parties, the change recipient and change agent to actively seeking information, feedback, goal and objective of change. The key word here would be â€Å"Communication†. By being honest to the recipient, letting them known of the expectation from the change and the beneficial likeliness that change would bring to personal gain and to the organisation, this would encourage the participant to adopt change process (Kim Rousseau, 2006)7. Is cultural difference a source of resistance to change? Researchers have proved that there is a strong correlation between change success rate and cultural values/ belief (Kotter, 19958; Schein, 19929). The concept of organisational change is very closely linked with the culture context (Schein, 1992)10. Even though there is no hard evidenceShow MoreRelatedResistance Of Change And The Application For Nursing And Leadership Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesResistance to Change Change is inevitable and affects so many facets of life. Healthcare is synonymous with change and is a revolving door for changes for very valid reasons. Leadership in health care is pivotal. The strength of leadership has an unambiguous link to the quality of care and the reputation of the profession. The paper will review the significance and literature surrounding the topic of resistance to change and the application to nursing and leadership. Significance to LeadershipRead MoreThe Effect Of Planned And Emergent Change1614 Words   |  7 Pagesemergent change has been considered as the mixed approach. According to Senior and Flemming (2006) it’s impossible to view change as wholly planned or emergent and it’s therefore imperative to consider both. However, it has been argued mixed change does not fairly allocate enough attention to both planed and emergent change and therefore diminishes their efficacy thus undervaluing the potential of an efficient mixed plan approach (Woodman and Pasmore et al., 2010). Resistance to change EmployeesRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Fibromyalgia1267 Words   |  6 Pagesalternative treatment methods is necessary. Because symptoms of fibromyalgia include anxiety, depression, and widespread pain, an increase in activity as a part of a comprehensive treatment plan is an option to consider. The following critique and literature review evaluates the usefulness of increased activity levels to decrease pain in women with fibromyalgia. Problem and Significance Fibromyalgia is estimated to occur in 2% of the US general population (Fontaine, Conn, and Clauw, 2010). Read MoreResearching the Changes in Employee Perception During Organizational Change1672 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION An organizational change disturbs the structure of organizational life in terms of interpersonal relationships, reporting lines, group boundaries, employee and work unit status. (Paulsen et al., 2005; Terry and Jimmieson, 2003). Although change is implemented for positive purposes (like to adapt the changing environmental conditions and to remain competitive as well), its is observed that employees often respond negatively toward change and resist the overall efforts. This negativeRead MoreSustaining or Institutionalizing Change1195 Words   |  5 PagesSustaining change Sustaining or Institutionalization change is making change permanent part of the organization and internalization is stabilization of change. (P Subba Rao). Gains made from change are lost from the abandonment of new practices is call initiative decay (Buchanan et al., 1999, Doyle et al., 2000). So strategy on how to sustain the changes made is a crucial element in change management process. But relatively little research has been carried out on the issue of sustainability. MostRead MoreLeadership Concept Analysis Group Paper965 Words   |  4 Pages Leadership Concept Analysis Group Paper Resistance to change is a very common attitude amongst employees of an organization. Whether the employee has been in the organization for many years or just starting, research has some explanation why some people may be resistant to change and how can it be avoided. In the field of nursing, McMillan and Perron (2013) found that rapid continuing change within the workplace can cause some nurses to become overstressed, exhausted, and have a feeling of beingRead MoreNursing And Organizational Change Fatigue1735 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizational change fatigue: beyond resistance Change fatigue is an organizational term defined as poor emotional responses to attempted change (McMillan Perron, 2013). Change leaders will fail to follow through, there may be a lack of data transparency, staff are impatient with efforts, resources are quickly diverted to other initiatives, and value is increasingly questioned (Reineck, 2007). It can result from rapid continuous and relentless organizational or individual changes that are implementedRead MoreOrganizational Change : An Effective Organization1337 Words   |  6 Pagesforcing companies to change in order to survive, such as the new technology, new customers’ taste and also new systems of management. Under the dynamic business environment, organizational change becomes one of the essential parts of a business. During different stages of organizational change, various resistances between employers and employees will be created because of different perspectives from both employers and employees. In order to c arry out a successful organizational change, developing an effectiveRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Antibiotics1749 Words   |  7 PagesCHINAL database. These studies provided information on the over-prescription of antibiotics in LTCF and the possible changes in practice that could be done to decrease antibiotic resistance. Most of these selected studies focused on providing providers and nurses with education to reinforce the education of antibiotic use in patients that present with ASB to reduce antibiotic resistance. 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Obtaining High Resolution Images And 3d Reconstruction

Introduction: The Confocal Microscope is a type of microscope that is being developed for obtaining high-resolution images and 3D reconstruction. The images from the confocal are far better than other microscopes; however, not quite as good as fluorescent microscopes. Confocal microscopy has good impact values in visualizing the objects in life science; one of the top values is to show the fine image possible in 3D. Confocal microscopy has few advantages in different ways compare to Wide-field optical microscopy. One of these advantages is to show the depth of the field elimination or reduction of background information away from the focal plane, and the capacity to collect serial optical sections from thick specimens [1]. The most significant value about the confocal microscope is the spatial filtering techniques that terminate the glare and focus the substance into the view. One of the other advantages of Confocal microscopy and Wide-field microscopy; the confocal type of microscopy has the easi est way to rich the extremely high-quality images. This is base on the recent year s popularity of using the microscopes in the science field for growing cells in biology hat rely on imaging both fixed and living cells and tissues. However, each type of the microscopes is valuable to be used in different types of research experiments. The high and most significant value about Confocal is the 3D imaging in fluorescence microscopy. Due to experimental errors; it is often veryShow MoreRelatedThe Confocal Microscopy And Microscopy2256 Words   |  10 Pagesfor study fixed and living cells because of its versatility, specificity, and high sensitivity. Introduction: The Confocal Microscope is a type of microscope that is being developed for obtaining high-resolution images and 3D reconstruction. The images from the confocal are far better then other microscopes; however, not quite as good as fluorescent microscopes. The confocal shows the most fine details as possible in 3D; the confocal microscopy offers several advantages over conventional wide-fieldRead MoreThe Confocal Microscopy And Microscopy2439 Words   |  10 Pagesfor study fixed and living cells because of its versatility, specificity, and high sensitivity. Introduction: The Confocal Microscope is a type of microscope that is being developed for obtaining high-resolution images and 3D reconstruction. The images from the confocal are far better then other microscopes; however, not quite as good as fluorescent microscopes. The confocal shows the most fine details as possible in 3D; the confocal microscopy offers several advantages over conventional wide-fieldRead MoreThe Effects Of Iron Concentration On Brain Tissue3722 Words   |  15 Pagesto radiation risks, MRI has proved to be a more superior modality due to its sensitivity to the paramagnetic iron. Several techniques have been developed using different MRI data such as Magnetic Field Correlation, T2, T2’, T2*, phase and magnitude images, SWI and QSM with the QSM being the latest technique. Magnetic Field Correlation (MFC) MFC is a specific measure of magnetic inhomogeneity caused by iron and is independent of other unrelated molecular relaxation. It has been shown to be able to detectRead MoreThe Function Of Thyroid Gland1988 Words   |  8 Pagesand Nuclear Medicines). Ultrasound is the leading imaging technique for diagnosis of thyroid diseases [5][6], Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging also have a high important role for assessment the thyroid malignancy [7]. Nuclear medicine is the imaging of utilization of radioactive compounds in medicine to image and treat various human diseases. It depends on the ‘tracer principle’ that studies of the fate of compounds in vivo using small amounts of radioactive materials [8]. NuclearRead MoreEssay on Use of Geographic Data in Natural Disasters2437 Words   |  10 Pages The use of geographic data in the field of preventing and mitigating natural disasters remains a pioneering activity. However the circul ation of the technology is still hindered by many issues such as the difficulty in obtaining the appropriate raw data, the lack of effective graphical user interfaces, the intricacy of predictive models and the expense of digitisation (Carrara et al., 1999). Natural disasters are becoming more frequent around the world, as seen in figureRead MoreBanking Concepts and Practices39548 Words   |  159 Pagessupplies received from those countries. In its absence they end up in raising foreign debt which in turn has a cost by way of interest; or else they end up in depleting nation’s gold reserves. If a country depends on foreign supplies, it must give high priority to exports to that country to strengthen their balance of payment. In such a situation banks must step in to provide credit to export activities in a preferred manner to increase county’s reserves in that currency. C. MULTIPLE CREDIT CREATION:

Corporation, Partnership, or Sole Proprietorship Free Essays

Corporation, partnership, or sole  proprietorship? Now that you have decided to start your own business, you will have to determine what business structure or form of organization suits your needs. The structure of your business will depend on whether you want to run your business yourself or with a partner or associates. There are four types of business structures: sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations and cooperatives. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporation, Partnership, or Sole  Proprietorship?   or any similar topic only for you Order Now On this page: 1. 1. Sole proprietorship 2. 2. Partnerships 3. 3. Corporations 4. 4. Cooperatives 1. Sole proprietorship^Top With this type of business organization, you would be fully responsible for all debts and obligations related to your business and all profits would be yours alone to keep. As a sole owner of the business, a creditor can make a claim against your personal or business assets to pay off any debt. Advantages: * Easy and inexpensive to form a sole proprietorship (you will only need to register your business name provincially, except in Newfoundland and Labrador) * Relatively low cost to start your business * Lowest amount of regulatory burden * Direct control of decision making Minimal working capital required to start-up * Tax advantages if your business is not doing well, for example, deducting your losses from your personal income, lower tax bracket when profits are low, and so on * All profits will go to you directly Disadvantages: * Unlimited liability (if you have business debts, personal assets would be used to pay off the debt) * Income would be taxable at your personal rate and, if your business is profitable, this may put you in a higher tax bracket * Lack of continuity for your business, if you need to be absent * Difficulty raising capital on your own 2. Partnerships^Top A partnership would be a good business structure if you want to carry on a business with a partner and you do not wish to incorporate your business. With a partnership, you would combine your financial resources with your partner into the business. You can establish the terms of your business with your partner and protect yourself in case of a disagreement or dissolution by drawing up a specific business agreement. As a partner, you would share in the profits of your business according to the terms of your agreement. You may also be interested in a limited liability partnership in the business. This means that you would not take part in the control or management of the business, but would be liable for debts to a specified extent only. When establishing a partnership, you should have a partnership agreement drawn up with the assistance of a lawyer, to ensure that: * You are protecting your interests * That you have clearly established the terms of the partnership with regards to issues like profit sharing, dissolving the partnership, and more * That you meet the legal requirements for a limited partnership (if applicable) Advantages: Easy to start-up a partnership * Start-up costs would be shared equally with you and your partner * Equal share in the management, profits and assets * Tax advantage, if income from the partnership is low or loses money (you and your partner include your share of the partnership in your individual tax return) Disadvantages: * Similar to sole proprietorship, as there is no legal difference between you and your business * Unlimited liability (if you have business debts, personal assets would be used to pay off the debt) * Hard to find a suitable partner Possible development of conflict between you and your partner * You are held financially responsible for business decisions made by your partner (for example, contracts that are broken) 3. Corporations^Top Another business structure is to incorporate your business. This can be done at the federal or provincial level. When you incorporate your business, it is considered to be a legal entity that is separate from the owners and shareholders. As a shareholder of a corporation, you will not be personally liable for the debts, obligations or acts of the corporation. When making such decisions, it is always wise to seek legal advice before incorporating. Advantages: * Limited liability * Ownership is transferable * Continuous existence * Separate legal entity * Easier to raise capital * Possible tax advantage as taxes may be lower for an incorporated business Disadvantages: * A corporation is closely regulated * More expensive to incorporate than a partnership or sole proprietorship * Extensive corporate records required, including shareholder and director meetings, and documentation filed annually with the government * Possible conflict between shareholders and directors Possible problem with residency of directors More information: To learn more about incorporation, please consult the following information: * Guide to Federal Incorporation Step by step guidelines to help you incorporate your business and set up an appropriate structure. Provincial or territorial  incorporation Alberta * Corporate Registry To conduct business in Alberta, regis ter your cooperative, corporation, extra-provincial company, non-profit company, society, trade name and/or partnership. Manitoba * Companies Office – Business name registration and provincial ncorporation (Manitoba) How do you register your business, and what do you need to know about provincial incorporation? New Brunswick * Incorporation / Registration of a business Find out about the rules, procedures and fees for registering a provincial corporation in New Brunswick. * Incorporation of non-profit companies (New Brunswick) Find out about the rules, procedures and fees for incorporating a not-for-profit company in New Brunswick. Newfoundland and Labrador * Registry of Companies (Newfoundland and Labrador) In Newfoundland and Labrador, you must register with the Registry of Companies if you decide to incorporate provincially. Northwest Territories * Corporate Registry — Co-operative Associations Are you looking to establish and incorporate a co-operative within the Northwest Territories? Find out the rules pertaining to starting your venture and what is needed to remain compliant with the law. * Corporate Registry — Business Corporations Are you looking to incorporate your business? Find out how you can register to do business in the Northwest Territories. Corporate Registry — Societies Are you interested in starting a society or non-profit organization? Find out the benefits of incorporation and what you are required to do at the territorial and federal levels. Nova Scotia * Business incorporation and registration (Nova Scotia) Incorporate your business provincially through the Nova Scotia Registry of Joint Stock Companies. Nunavut * Business corporations — Territorial corporations – (Nunavut) Find out how to incorporate as a territorial business in Nunavut. Ontario * Ontario Business Incorporation Incorporate your Ontario business online, in person, or by mail. * Professional corporations Find out how you can incorporate your practice in Ontario for specific regulated professions. * Correcting errors on your Ontario corporation documents You can ask to have errors corrected in documents you have filed for your Ontario corporation. * Making changes to your corporate information Find out how to make changes to the information about your Ontario corporation, including its name, address and number of directors. * How to merge Ontario corporations Do you have two or more active Ontario business corporations that you would like to merge? * Involuntary dissolution of Ontario business corporations Your corporation can be dissolved or cancelled if it has failed to comply with specific rules and regulations. * Reviving your corporation You may be able to revive your Ontario corporation if it was involuntarily dissolved within the past 20 years. * Incorporation (Not-for-Profit Corporations) You can incorporate your not-for-profit organization provincially with the Government of Ontario. Making Changes to Your Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporation Find out how to make changes to the information about your Ontario not-for-profit corporation. * Reviving your Ontario not-for-profit corporation You can restart your previously cancelled Ontario not-for-profit corporation by filing an Application for Revival. Quebec * Incorporate a business (Quebec) Learn the steps to incorporate your business in Quebec, especially the forms to be filled out and the application process. Saskatchewan * Incorporating Your Business in Saskatchewan Find out how to incorporate your business in Saskatchewan, including the fees, the forms required and the turn-around time. * Forming a Non-Profit Corporation in Saskatchewan Find out how to register your non-profit corporation in Saskatchewan, including the fees, the forms required and the turn-around time. 4. Cooperatives^Top The last business structure you could create is a cooperative. With a cooperative, you would have a business that would be owned by an association of members. This is the least common form of business, but can be ppropriate in situations where a group of persons or businesses decide to pool their resources to provide access to common needs, such as the delivery of products or services, the sale of products or services, employment, and more. Advantages: * Owned and controlled by members * Democratic control (one member, one vote) * Limited liability * Profit distribution Disadvantages: * Possible conflict between members * Longer decision-making process * Parti cipation of members needed for success * Extensive record keeping * Less incentive to invest additional capital How to cite Corporation, Partnership, or Sole  Proprietorship?  , Papers

Constitutional reforms since 1997 reduced free essay sample

To what extent have constitutional reforms since 1997 reduced the power of the UK government? BY AbbteQ To what extent have constitutional reforms since 1997 reduced the power of the UK Constitutional reform is the process of changing the way in which a country may be governed. There are many reforms that have arguably changed the UK constitution in such an extent that the power of the elected government has been reduced or restricted. Changes such have these have occurred much more frequently in the years since 1997. One reform that can be seen to have reduced the power of overnment in the I-JK is the act of devolution or decentralisation. An example of this is the establishment of a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly in 1999. The creation of these bodies meant that regions in the UK that are not very close to London, and in turn Parliament, could have easier access to politics as the people in that area could have their opinions heard better. We will write a custom essay sample on Constitutional reforms since 1997 reduced or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many would say that as a result of Devolution the I-JK was becoming more democratic and so this change to the constitution was a good thing. However, this reform may look positive on the surface ut if it as looked at in more detail it is clear that this may not be the case. Even though there are now democratic bodies in places that are some distance away from London, parliament and government still hold sovereignty and so can dictate what changes these devolved bodies can or cannot make. On the other hand, if devolution becomes more prominent in the I-JK, the general public may begin to lose respect for government and instead listen to more local political bodies when looking for direction on current issues. As a result of this government power may be reduced by eforming the constitution in this manner since 1997. Another way in which the governments power could be seen to be reduced is the reform of the House of Lords. This is because there is speculation over whether after enforcing Stage 1 of the reform (the removal of hereditary peers from the House of Lords, other than 92) the process should continue and Stage 2 be enforced. Stage 2 of the reform would be the conversion of the House of Lords into a second elected chamber. Many would argue that this reform would cause government to lose power as with a larger number of lected MPs there may be more checks on government actions put in place. Because of this those in power would have to be more careful regarding their actions and proposals. In contrast to this, others would argue that the government would not lose power as they would still be needed to be the body that runs the country. This is because it would be virtually impossible for such a large body to run the country on its own as the conflicting opinions would be too great and arguments would cause the decision process to be slowed dramatically. Consequently, it can be argued that his reform since 1997 would not reduce the power of the government in the I-JK. Referendums are one way in which the power of the I-JK government can be reduced due to constitutional change. An example ot this is when reterendums were used to help the government decide whether devolution was a good idea or not. This meant that the voices and opinions of the people living in the I-JK were heard when an issue that would affect their lives was being decided upon. The rapidly increasing use of referendum in I-JK politics could be reducing the power of government by giving the ublic too much power of their own. If the average person is allowed the opportunity to decide upon serious political issues to regularly then this could mean a loss of respect and faith in the government in the collective public. This would be caused by the idea that if the people of the country could make decisions perfectly well on their own then that said country would theoretically not be in need of a government. However, referendums are not yet legally binding and so the result can only be used to guide political decisions and not make them. Because of this the government can completely ignore the opinion of the public even after a referendum has been held if they choose to do so. Also, it is the government who has to hold the referendums to start with but if they do not feel they need the help of the public or want to know the peoples view they are under no obligation to hold a referendum. For example there was a failure to hold a promised referendum on an alternative voting system. As a result of this it can be argued that government is not losing power because of constitutional reform. To a certain extent, constitutional reforms since 1997 have reduced the power of the government in the I-JK. This is because the country can be seen to be becoming more democratic in that it is creating a situation of demos cratos (power to the people). However, the winning argument seems to be that government power has not been reduced. This is because no matter what reform has been made, the London government has overall rule on issues (combined with the influence of parliament) and there is still a need for the political body.

To Me, Having The Right Of Freedom Of Speech Means That I Can Voice My

To me, having the right of freedom of speech means that I can voice my opinion wherever and whenever I feel the urge to without the fear of being prosecuted. The United States would be in an extremely weak state if citizens did not have the right to freedom of speech. Without freedom of speech in our Bill of Rights, people could not necessarily stand up for what they believed in. I think that if a person has a valid point or even an unvalid point that they want to voice nothing should stand in their path. It would be nearly impossible for certain organizations to form if the United States was without freedom of speech. Freedom of speech means to me that these certain radical organizations should be and are allowed to voice their opinions and views on different issues on which some people feel uncomfortable about. These issues may involve issues that I do not agree on; however, I feel that the group of people have the right to express their beliefs. Also, freedom of speech means to me that America is one of the best countries that involves the people. There is not one person making all of the decisions for the American citizens, so it is possible to have numerous ideas in the government. People who voice their opinions can pursway the many government officials to change their positions on certain issues. If the United States did not possess the right to freedom of speech, then there would be hardly any reason for the government official to change his or her position on a certain issue. I believe that it is important for people to express their opinions and ideas so that the American public can catch a glimpse of the opposite sides of different views. I believe that freedom of speech is a great aspect of the American government, and which also illustrates that the United States is a mature nation that respects and takes into consideration all of the ideas of all of the nations' citizens.

10 Biggest Job Search Mistakes of New College Grads

10 Biggest Job Search Mistakes of New College Grads Even though it can seem daunting to enter the job force immediately after college, and though the market is tougher than it ever has been for entry-level hires, recent grads are actually among those most likely to land a job this year. Here are 10 common mistakes that can get in your way during your first real job search, and beyond.1. Being too passiveThe trick is to be proactive. The days of being recruited without having to look are long gone. Those who utilize their network to every possible extent and really do everything in their power to get hired, are the ones who will be rewarded first and best.2. Being too internet-centricThousands upon thousands of candidates just like you are posting on job search boards and sending in their resumes to online applications. The only way to distinguish yourself and actually be considered for these jobs is to get out and get networking. Human connections are key.3. Being too insularThink outside the box when building your network. Consider a sking generations above you for help. You never know who will be the key to get you through the door.4. Being too generalIf you’re not customizing your resume to each position, you’re crazy. Yes, it will take a bit of extra time, but the preparation will be worth it should you make it to the interview phase. And without showing each hiring manager or HR rep that you are precisely suitable for this particular position, you hardly stand a chance at getting your resume through the first skim.5. Using the wrong sitesSocial networking is one thing. Professional networking is another. If you’re relying on Facebook and Twitter only for your connection-building purposes, you’re missing a huge part of the picture. Make a platform for yourself on professional networking sites as well. It may not be as fun, but it will likely prove so much more useful.6. Not following upIf you don’t follow up, you’ll miss a good chunk of opportunities. Don’t jus t send your resume and forget about it. If you want that job, make sure you get an interview for it. Hustle!7. Setting the bar too highYou’re just out of college, all jazzed up, and out to find your dream job. But dream jobs can take decades to attain. You might not even really know what that would look like now. Focus on getting a good job now, and let perfection work itself out later. A little humility will get you a long way in the beginning of your career.8. Being unprofessionalThis includes your image: what you wear, how you conduct yourself, how you speak, and how you present yourself online. Give yourself an image makeover. Make sure your online presence is 100% respectable. And start acting like a grown-up†¦ everywhere you go.9. Not taking the interview seriouslyDo your research. Don’t just swan in and expect them to hand you the job or internship without making you work for it. Learn about the company before hand and prepare for the interview. If you donà ¢â‚¬â„¢t, you’ll look like an amateur. And you certainly won’t get the job.10. Not using the tools available to youYou have a career office for a reason. Use it. They won’t hand you a job on a silver platter, but they can set you up to be in a better position to land one yourself with a little hard work and preparation.

Summarize articles and write opinion about the articles Essay

Summarize articles and write opinion about the articles - Essay Example Institutions such as the University of California face challenges from their policies and values while private institutions and colleges have a level of freedom that offers them an advantage. Solutions such as privatization, greater government responsibility, and enlisted public support, efficient use of resources, better leadership, and long-term focus however exist for the tough choices facing research universities. The situation further establishes uncertainties on future productivities, resource utilization, and effects of resource constraints. Research universities however remain a necessity that faces challenges from its environment (Kerr 184- 197). The author succeeds in discussing the dilemma of research universities that are necessary in the society but faces challenges of resource constraints and competition from other institutions. This may threaten service delivery of the research universities, force them to compromise towards sustainability, and therefore lose their core objective. The hard choices that the universities face are therefore significant macro social problems and stakeholders in the public and private sectors should collaborate to preserve the universities’ stake. The article explores the history of colleges and notes challenges that colleges faced in the ancient period. The author focuses on problems that faced colleges to their ultimate collapse with scarcity of different resources such that a college that has a type of asset lacked other necessary assets for its operations. Despite this, there was hope and Absalom Peters envisioned the United States as a land of colleges. This manifested years later and at a period, England’s population of 23 million had only four universities while the state of Ohio had 37 higher learning institutions for its three million-population size. The major problem in the early colleges in the

How techolgy changed our life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How techolgy changed our life - Essay Example The car changed the history of mankind forever. This paper discusses the effect the car had when it was invented and its impact on society today. People prior to the invention of the car were not able to transport themselves at will to any location at fast distances. The trains were a mass transportation system that allowed fast travel but the travelers were limited to traveling to the routes the train covered. The car changed that because each vehicle was independently owned by the person. The job sector in American society increased because the car provided workers with the ability to travel from the rural area to the urban sectors. Family life became more enjoyable as adults could take their kids to different leisure locations such as beaches, parks, and circuses in short amounts of times without any human effort since the car provide all the force needed to travel. Three American companies led the industry during the early part of the 20th century. The Big Three are Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler. These companies built many luxury, economic, and sports car models for users in America and worldwide. In the latter half of the 20th century Japanese companies such as Toyoda and Honda dominated the industry. In the 20th century cars become a basic necessity of all adults. The banking industry made money by financing the purchases of cars. Cars in the 20th century became more sophisticated and attractive for buyers. Even though cars provide great benefits for society they also have cons. The emissions released by combustion engines polluted the environment. The production of cars consumes natural resources such as aluminum. The fuel that powers cars is gasoline which is derived from the natural resource petroleum. In 2005 the US consumption of gasoline was 22.16 barrels per day (Greencarcongress, 2006). The invention of the car changes the lives of

Greek Philosophical Thought Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Greek Philosophical Thought - Research Paper Example During the time of the Babylonian exile, when they defeated the Jews in Jerusalem in 587 B.C., the Jews did not lose faith in their God and strongly believed they would be delivered by God’s emissary on earth, an Anointed Messiah who would restore the Jews to their rightful home in Israel. Not all Jews chose to return to Israel after the Babylonians were conquered by Cyrus the Persian and Babylonia continued to have a vibrant Jewish culture for several centuries. The Persian Empire was overthrown by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C. and gave the Jews greater freedom of movement and they settled in Palestine, Syria, Egypt and Asia Minor. This gave rise to a diluted form of Judaism, especially among the Maccabees in Greek society. However, even the Hellenized Maccabees had their limits on departure from God’s Law and they revolted against the Syrian rulers in 166 B.C.. For the Jews, the ruler Antiochus pushed too hard to change Jewish culture. The revolt continued until 142 B.C. with the Jews ultimately prevailing. The revolt was a ferocious display of Jewish commitment to worship according to their laws and forever colored affairs between Jews and Greeks. During the last century B.C. the Maccabees amassed a far-reaching kingdom of oppressed Gentiles. (Frend 18, 19). The Gentiles were as uncomfortable with Jewish rule as the Jews had been under Antiochus and were easily befriended by the Romans during their expansion into Galilee (Frend 19). During the Maccabean Wars, Rome and Jews had a combined enemy in the Selucides and even treated with the Romans in 161 B.C., thus were early allies (Frend 19, 20). Though t he Jewish state continued to exist after the Roman general Pompey progressed against Jerusalem, their territory was much reduced. With the coming of the Romans, actual authority over the Jewish state was in fact Roman and a collateral of politics in the East (Frend 20). Herod, not much loved by the Jews, was appointed by the Roman Senate to be governor of Galilee and faced fierce opposition by the Jews. He was eventually appointed king of Jewish Judea and Samaria and operated as a client ruler under Roman authority (Frend 21). 3. The Herodian Jews were largely present in Jerusalem and other major centers. They tended to be wealthier and more Hellenized than their neighbors and had been described as â€Å"godless jews† in earlier times (Frend 22). Though they had only vague influence on Christian development, the Greek element was quite pronounced during Jesus’ time. The Sadducees were also wealthier Jews but embodied a strong patriotism of the Jewish state. The priestl y class was drawn from the Sadducees and they were strict observers of the Law of the Torah (Frend 23). So strict was their belief that they resented Herod’s rule and believed themselves to be accountable for maintaining Jewish law, even at the expense of other Jews. According to Frend at 23, â€Å"Rebellion could not be tolerated and messianic enthusiasm was dangerous aberration.† The scribes and Pharisees were viewed as the keepers and interpreters of Jewish Law, embodied in the Torah (Frend 13). They represented the populous in leadership of the Palestinian Jews. It

Literature Review On Point Of Sales System

Literature Review On Point Of Sales System Switch is a brand name wholly owned by CG Computers Sdn Bhd. CG Computers Sdn Bhd was founded on 1995 by Mr. Li Chau Ging. The main business of the company is selling Apple Products under the brand name Switch, which focuses their business in retail store, education and enterprise market. Currently, there are five Switch outlets, Two of the stores are Apple Premium reseller, which have more demos of Apple products in the store for customers to test drive compare to Apple Authorized Reseller. As one of the leading Apple Premium Reseller in Malaysia, Switch also provide training course which is called CofeeMUG to teach customers on how to use or enjoy the product which they have purchased. CG Computers Sdn Bhd is also an Apple Authorized Gold Service Provider, which provide service and repair for Apple products, any Switch store is a Drop Point if the customer have problem with their Apple product which they purchase from any Apple Store around the world. The founder of CG Computers Sdn Bhd name his store Switch is because the company wants the more users to Switch to Mac, by delivering the best customer service to the customer and demonstrating The Beauty of a Mac. Switchs employees called themselves Switcher, which is trained to serve customer on the best they could. Every Switcher will be trained on product knowledge of Apple products on Apple Sales Training Online (ASTO) by Apple Inc. and will be certified as a Apple Product Professional and Apple Sales Professional. 1.2 Business Operation Switch operates the business every day. The business hour depend on which shopping complex the Switch store is located. The standards business hour in Switch is from 10.00 AM to 10:00 PM. On every store, Switchs employees will do stock counting every morning and night(when opening and closing the store). Stocks that the employees have to count are from iPods to System; this is to ensure that no stock is lost and amount in the inventory is tally. All branches in Switch will do the same thing. If there is a problem during the stock count, Switchs employees must report immediate to the Headquarters. After stock counting, Switchs employees turn on the all the demo units, the MacBooks, iPods, iPhone, iMacs and the Mac Pro. This is to ensure the moment that customer walks into the store. They could test drive the demo unit immediately, without waiting for the system to startup. Immediate after the all the systems are turned on, Switchs employees will clean up the store. They will sweep the floor, wipe the tables and demo units to make sure customers feel comfortable when trying it. While wiping and cleaning the units, Switchs employees will also check on the demo units to make sure it is functioning. This are the 3 task the every Switchs employee does in every outlets in the morning. It is a rule set by the company before they could start attending customer. After this 3 task is completed, they will start attend customer and do their daily sales. E-mail serves as the communication channel of the company, every employee will be given an employee ID and email address from the company. E-mails are sent everyday to each employee regarding updates, promotions, news, comments and suggestions. CG Computers is a very flat organization that it has no hierarchy between uppers and lowers, any comments or suggestion could be voice out to the management or other colleagues. E-mail is the most important thing in the company which is use on every branch to communicate. Another communication technology that is use by the company is Instant Messaging. The Company uses .mac and AIM on every Point of Sales machines for instant communications. Every Switch outlet and all the employees are connected using .mac or AIM. This is to ensure instant communication can be held if a branch need help, emergency, queries and stock request. Chapter 2: Literature review on Point of Sales System 2.1 What is Point of Sales Also known as the point of service or POS, the point of sale is the exact point in a transaction when goods or services are provided to the customer and payment is rendered for those products. While the specifics of a point of sale system will vary somewhat from one situation to another, the final outcome is always the same. (Malcolm Tatum, 2010) Point of sales (POS) software is a type of software that retail store use to calculate their sales and operate the cash drawer; it is a computerized cash drawer. Point of sales add up the sales total and calculate the change. When customer buy items from retail store, point of sales will minus or debit the amount of item sold in the inventory system. At minimum, POS should be able to handle sales and manage your inventory database. (Jane Harmon, 2010) Image above illustrates point of sales (image from: http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,2542,t=point+of+salei=49444,00.asp) Point of sales system is mostly found in supermarket. The point of sales system consists of the checkout counter, bar code scanner, and the cash register. Every time when an item is scanned, the system count the cost; till all the items selected by the customer are scanned, the system will calculate the total cost of all item that customer would like to purchase. Customer will then pay amount money, using either credit card or cash. If customer pays by cash, the point of sales system will allow the cashier to input the amount of money that customer pay and calculate the balance that should be returned to the customer. When the payment is done, Point of Sales system will generate a receipt and store a log in the server. The proposed system will be at least able to do the basic requirement of what a Point of Sales should have. 2.2 Features of Point of Sales System There were many features in Point of Sales System. The proposed system will highlight the existing and important features. One of them is easy to learn, By using a user friendly and easy to learn system, the company will save up cost. Switch do not need to send their employees for expensive training on how to use the point of sales. Switch will also save time to train a crew before they could start working. The second feature is easy to use. An easy to use Point of sales system should require the minimum keystroke and minimum skill during daily sales. This will ensure customers do not have to wait too long until a receipt is printed. A complicated Point of Sales system will cause customers to wait while paying and a long queue when the cashier takes too long time to key in the data into the Point of Sales. The third feature is automatic. Point of sales system should be able to apply automatic discounts or preferred price levels to special customers. This will help ease the speed up the cashiers job when there is a promotion going on. The fourth feature is rewarding. Point of sales system should be able to calculate the total sales by every individual staff to keep track their sales performance and commission. This will ensure staff could get their commission every month in their pay slip and it will motivate staffs to sell more items to earn more money. The fifth feature is accommodating; some hot selling items will be sold out very frequently. Customer may have to come back the next time until the stock arrive, but when it is a hot selling product, it may be sold out before customers could come again and purchase it. Point of sales system should be able to take sales order so that, when the new stock arrived, it will be reserved for customers. The sixth feature that I would like to highlight is receipt. This is the most important feature is point of sales. Every sales end up with a receipt before the sales is complete. Point of sales system must be able to print receipt for customers to proof that they have bought the items from a store and it will be used for items that have warranty. The date of purchase will be printed on the receipt. Chapter 3: Literature Review on Existing Point of Sales System 3.1 Existing Point of Sales System in the market. 3.1.1 Retail Man Point of Sales Retail Man Point of Sales can turn an ordinary personal computer into a Point of Sales System and inventory system just by attaching Point of Sales hardware into it, for example, bar code scanner, cash drawer, docket printer, touch screen and pole display into the computer. It features a very simple user interface with powerful security. This software includes Point of Sales, stock control, inventory and standard accounting functions. By using this software, you can turn your ordinary personal computer into a powerful point of sale terminal. Their official website is http://www.retailmanpos.com/ 3.1.2 POS MAID This software is compatible with any barcode scanner or any touch screen computer. POS Maid basically have all the tools a retail store need to run a business. With simple operation and feature set, business owners will be pleased by this tool. All the maths, including taxes was automatically added to ensure accuracy. This software allow a retail sotre to save customers information into database to run a business report with just a few clicks. This program even has feature to record the employee work hours and tally up their pay checks. Their official website is http://www.alexandriacomputers.com/retail-software.aspx 3.1.3 Free Deluxe Pos Point of Sale Software System 2.0 Win TRS Point of Sales us a completely free software suite for setting up a Windows DOS based point of sales system. This software is a full feature system with a client and inventory database. One of the great features is it allow users to create purchase order. It also support cash drawer and barcoding. This software can be used on a single PC with a standard printer and expand up to multiple PCs with dedicated printer if required. This is a complete stock management system that can work in a single PC system. 3.2 Existing Point of Sales in Switch The existing Point of Sales System used in Switch is FileMaker Pro. FileMaker Pro is a cross-platform relational database application from FileMaker Inc., formerly Claris, (a subsidiary of Apple). The main reason why FileMaker Pro was used is because the Point of Sales devices in Switch is a MacBook, Apple Macintosh computer, FileMaker Pro is fully compatible with Mac OS X on Macintosh Machines. FileMaker Pro is a database application that has been used since when the company was founded. Figure 1 Figure 1 is a snapshot of the sales interface, this interface is used to key in customers info, stock no (stock ID), amount, cash/ credit card and sales person name. When cashier filled up the required information, the receipt will be printed. If a product runs out of stock, this sales order interface will allow staff to take customers information, such as, name, address, and contact number. Staffs will have to key in the items that customer would like to order and deposit paid and issue a receipt as a proof that the customer have paid and order for the item. Figure 2 The existing system also allows the retail store to view the total cash and credit card sales. It is called the daily report of each branch. The main purpose of this is to ensure the cash and credit card amount is tally each night before closing the retail store. Figure 3 Chapter 4: Investigation of Problems 4.1 Overview This chapter is about to investigate existing problem in the Point of Sale currently used in Switch. The proposed system will solve the problem to ease the task of Switch employees. 4.2 Problem 1: Sales report The very main problem of FileMaker Pro (Point of Sales System) used by Switch is the sales report. When a receipt is being issues, the existing system cannot send a report to the Headquarters to inform them that a transaction is being made. To know the daily sales, Headquarters can only view it the next day because the report will have to be generated manually every night. It means the Headquarters cannot view the sales report in real time each time a transactions is being made. The proposed system will solve this problem on the server software in the headquarters by implementing a page for authorized person to view the transaction in real time and updated every seconds. By solving this problem, the company will benefit from monitoring each transaction in real time. If there is a mistake made on the sales receipt, price, promotion and etc. It can be monitored and noticed directly so that changes could be made immediately. Compare to existing system, mistake can only be identified on the next morning. Mistake could be identified if the report could successfully generate on the night. It there is an incident like staffs forgot to generate the report and the next day the report is lost or damages; this will cause the company loses a report of a whole day and it might take a week to trace back what items have sold, pricing etc. 4.3 Problem 2: Stock delete/ stock debit The second problem in the existing point of sales system is stock deduction/debit. Notice that in Chapter 1, under Switchs business operations, the author have mention about stock counting every morning. The report of the stocks only included, iPod, iPhone and Mac. Other accessories are not included in the stock count due to too large amount; but iPod, iPhone and Mac are expensive stock and still are in countable numbers, that the company is afraid of. Staffs might steal a MacBook home and the stock is lost and no one could realize it without the stock count. The problem of stock deduction is, every time a iPod, iPhone or Mac is sold, the local list of stock in the existing Point of Sales System require manual deletion. After all stock sold on the day are being deleted, this list will be a part of daily report to be send to the Headquarters. Staffs may have forgotten to delete the stock from the list and result an untallied amount during stock count at night. There is a possibility of deleting the wrong stock. The proposed system will solve this problem by implementing automatic stock deletion from the local and server stock list so that there is less possibilities of error made by humans. This will speed up the job of stock counting and report generating. By implementing this system, Switchs employees will have lesser task and stock amount are always correct.

Tragedy in Allen Ginsberg’s Sunflower Sutra and Tom Waits’ Small Change :: Sunflower Sutra

Tragedy in Allen Ginsberg’s Sunflower Sutra and Tom Waits’ Small Change In both Allen Ginsberg’s â€Å"Sunflower Sutra† and Tom Waits’ â€Å"Small Change†, tragedy is the major premise for the sad and melancholy tone the authors share. In his poem, Ginsberg describes the fall of a mighty flower, the sunflower. Once a bright yellow beacon of life, it now is â€Å"broken like a battered crown.† Having been covered by the dirt and grime of industry, by human â€Å"ingenuity,† this sunflower is really representing a demise in humanity. Rather than choosing nature as a prime example for life, choosing the â€Å"perfect beauty of a sunflower,† we have chosen industry and technology, and have forgotten that we are flowers. Ginsberg berates the dust and grime which have rained down from the locomotives onto â€Å"my sunflower O my soul† and wonders â€Å"when did you forget you were a flower?† This poem really is not about a flower, but the tragedy of losing one’s inner beauty, the vivacity an d brightness which makes one shine. Thus Ginsberg delivers his â€Å"sermon of my soul† to whoever shall listen in hopes that we, unlike the sunflower, do not turn gray in despair and gloom but shine brightly among the soot of the world we live in (Ginsberg 36-37). Similarly to â€Å"Sunflower Sutra,â€Å" the lyrics from â€Å"Small Change† pose a tragedy, which, though more concrete of a scene, shares all the gloom and weariness of the gray sunflower. In a Ginsberg-esque lyrical style, Tom Waits’ rambles through his lyrics (his mind), posing vivid descriptions of the depths of life. His victim is not a flower, but someone by the name of â€Å"Small Change,† who, when killed by his own thirty-eight, gains the headstone of a â€Å"gumball machine† on the street. The real tragedy in this song lies in the first line of the third verse: â€Å"And no one’s gone over to close his eyes.† Though there is enough cruelty in the world to kill â€Å"Small Change† for a â€Å"fistful of dollars,† there is not enough kindness to shut his eyes to the cruelty which has slain him. Tragedy in Allen Ginsberg’s Sunflower Sutra and Tom Waits’ Small Change :: Sunflower Sutra Tragedy in Allen Ginsberg’s Sunflower Sutra and Tom Waits’ Small Change In both Allen Ginsberg’s â€Å"Sunflower Sutra† and Tom Waits’ â€Å"Small Change†, tragedy is the major premise for the sad and melancholy tone the authors share. In his poem, Ginsberg describes the fall of a mighty flower, the sunflower. Once a bright yellow beacon of life, it now is â€Å"broken like a battered crown.† Having been covered by the dirt and grime of industry, by human â€Å"ingenuity,† this sunflower is really representing a demise in humanity. Rather than choosing nature as a prime example for life, choosing the â€Å"perfect beauty of a sunflower,† we have chosen industry and technology, and have forgotten that we are flowers. Ginsberg berates the dust and grime which have rained down from the locomotives onto â€Å"my sunflower O my soul† and wonders â€Å"when did you forget you were a flower?† This poem really is not about a flower, but the tragedy of losing one’s inner beauty, the vivacity an d brightness which makes one shine. Thus Ginsberg delivers his â€Å"sermon of my soul† to whoever shall listen in hopes that we, unlike the sunflower, do not turn gray in despair and gloom but shine brightly among the soot of the world we live in (Ginsberg 36-37). Similarly to â€Å"Sunflower Sutra,â€Å" the lyrics from â€Å"Small Change† pose a tragedy, which, though more concrete of a scene, shares all the gloom and weariness of the gray sunflower. In a Ginsberg-esque lyrical style, Tom Waits’ rambles through his lyrics (his mind), posing vivid descriptions of the depths of life. His victim is not a flower, but someone by the name of â€Å"Small Change,† who, when killed by his own thirty-eight, gains the headstone of a â€Å"gumball machine† on the street. The real tragedy in this song lies in the first line of the third verse: â€Å"And no one’s gone over to close his eyes.† Though there is enough cruelty in the world to kill â€Å"Small Change† for a â€Å"fistful of dollars,† there is not enough kindness to shut his eyes to the cruelty which has slain him.