Literature Review- Resistance to Change - 1391 Words

ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT Assignment 2 – Literature Review It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change. - Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882) Term 2, 2013 Prepared By: Kien Khang LIEU Table of Contents Abstract Resistance to change is always an obstacle for organisation when they try to implementing change. But what is resistance†¦show more content†¦Therefore one could argue that resistance to change is not a response or action that aims directly at change but rather a failure of building a relationship between the management team and the team members of the organisation. Thus it is the management team responsible as well for the arising of resistance to change as it is an active participation of the process. A change is the process of changing the old way or usual way of doing thing and implements a new way or different path of doing thing and thus change could create fear of the unknown for the participants (Mintzberg Waters, 1985)6. In order to make change happen, it is important for both parties, the change recipient and change agent to actively seeking information, feedback, goal and objective of change. The key word here would be â€Å"Communication†. By being honest to the recipient, letting them known of the expectation from the change and the beneficial likeliness that change would bring to personal gain and to the organisation, this would encourage the participant to adopt change process (Kim Rousseau, 2006)7. Is cultural difference a source of resistance to change? Researchers have proved that there is a strong correlation between change success rate and cultural values/ belief (Kotter, 19958; Schein, 19929). The concept of organisational change is very closely linked with the culture context (Schein, 1992)10. Even though there is no hard evidenceShow MoreRelatedResistance Of Change And The Application For Nursing And Leadership Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesResistance to Change Change is inevitable and affects so many facets of life. Healthcare is synonymous with change and is a revolving door for changes for very valid reasons. Leadership in health care is pivotal. The strength of leadership has an unambiguous link to the quality of care and the reputation of the profession. The paper will review the significance and literature surrounding the topic of resistance to change and the application to nursing and leadership. Significance to LeadershipRead MoreThe Effect Of Planned And Emergent Change1614 Words   |  7 Pagesemergent change has been considered as the mixed approach. According to Senior and Flemming (2006) it’s impossible to view change as wholly planned or emergent and it’s therefore imperative to consider both. However, it has been argued mixed change does not fairly allocate enough attention to both planed and emergent change and therefore diminishes their efficacy thus undervaluing the potential of an efficient mixed plan approach (Woodman and Pasmore et al., 2010). Resistance to change EmployeesRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Fibromyalgia1267 Words   |  6 Pagesalternative treatment methods is necessary. Because symptoms of fibromyalgia include anxiety, depression, and widespread pain, an increase in activity as a part of a comprehensive treatment plan is an option to consider. The following critique and literature review evaluates the usefulness of increased activity levels to decrease pain in women with fibromyalgia. Problem and Significance Fibromyalgia is estimated to occur in 2% of the US general population (Fontaine, Conn, and Clauw, 2010). Read MoreResearching the Changes in Employee Perception During Organizational Change1672 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION An organizational change disturbs the structure of organizational life in terms of interpersonal relationships, reporting lines, group boundaries, employee and work unit status. (Paulsen et al., 2005; Terry and Jimmieson, 2003). Although change is implemented for positive purposes (like to adapt the changing environmental conditions and to remain competitive as well), its is observed that employees often respond negatively toward change and resist the overall efforts. This negativeRead MoreSustaining or Institutionalizing Change1195 Words   |  5 PagesSustaining change Sustaining or Institutionalization change is making change permanent part of the organization and internalization is stabilization of change. (P Subba Rao). Gains made from change are lost from the abandonment of new practices is call initiative decay (Buchanan et al., 1999, Doyle et al., 2000). So strategy on how to sustain the changes made is a crucial element in change management process. But relatively little research has been carried out on the issue of sustainability. MostRead MoreLeadership Concept Analysis Group Paper965 Words   |  4 Pages Leadership Concept Analysis Group Paper Resistance to change is a very common attitude amongst employees of an organization. Whether the employee has been in the organization for many years or just starting, research has some explanation why some people may be resistant to change and how can it be avoided. In the field of nursing, McMillan and Perron (2013) found that rapid continuing change within the workplace can cause some nurses to become overstressed, exhausted, and have a feeling of beingRead MoreNursing And Organizational Change Fatigue1735 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizational change fatigue: beyond resistance Change fatigue is an organizational term defined as poor emotional responses to attempted change (McMillan Perron, 2013). Change leaders will fail to follow through, there may be a lack of data transparency, staff are impatient with efforts, resources are quickly diverted to other initiatives, and value is increasingly questioned (Reineck, 2007). It can result from rapid continuous and relentless organizational or individual changes that are implementedRead MoreOrganizational Change : An Effective Organization1337 Words   |  6 Pagesforcing companies to change in order to survive, such as the new technology, new customers’ taste and also new systems of management. Under the dynamic business environment, organizational change becomes one of the essential parts of a business. During different stages of organizational change, various resistances between employers and employees will be created because of different perspectives from both employers and employees. In order to c arry out a successful organizational change, developing an effectiveRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Antibiotics1749 Words   |  7 PagesCHINAL database. These studies provided information on the over-prescription of antibiotics in LTCF and the possible changes in practice that could be done to decrease antibiotic resistance. Most of these selected studies focused on providing providers and nurses with education to reinforce the education of antibiotic use in patients that present with ASB to reduce antibiotic resistance. The Use of Antibiotics in UTIs Patients Part Three Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most commonRead MoreThe Effect Of Resistance Training On Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, And Sleep944 Words   |  4 PagesAlso, we know anxiety and depression are viewed as underlying causes of low self-esteem. Those who suffer from low self-esteem tend to experience some type of fear and anxiety. O’connor, Herring, and Caravalho (2010) systematically review evidence that supports resistance training influencing anxiety, depression, fatigue, self-esteem, and sleep. Nevermore, many of the outcomes seem to share a biological influence. The neural mechanisms that underlie and regulate our health outcomes are largely discrete

Obtaining High Resolution Images And 3d Reconstruction

Introduction: The Confocal Microscope is a type of microscope that is being developed for obtaining high-resolution images and 3D reconstruction. The images from the confocal are far better than other microscopes; however, not quite as good as fluorescent microscopes. Confocal microscopy has good impact values in visualizing the objects in life science; one of the top values is to show the fine image possible in 3D. Confocal microscopy has few advantages in different ways compare to Wide-field optical microscopy. One of these advantages is to show the depth of the field elimination or reduction of background information away from the focal plane, and the capacity to collect serial optical sections from thick specimens [1]. The most significant value about the confocal microscope is the spatial filtering techniques that terminate the glare and focus the substance into the view. One of the other advantages of Confocal microscopy and Wide-field microscopy; the confocal type of microscopy has the easi est way to rich the extremely high-quality images. This is base on the recent year s popularity of using the microscopes in the science field for growing cells in biology hat rely on imaging both fixed and living cells and tissues. However, each type of the microscopes is valuable to be used in different types of research experiments. The high and most significant value about Confocal is the 3D imaging in fluorescence microscopy. Due to experimental errors; it is often veryShow MoreRelatedThe Confocal Microscopy And Microscopy2256 Words   |  10 Pagesfor study fixed and living cells because of its versatility, specificity, and high sensitivity. Introduction: The Confocal Microscope is a type of microscope that is being developed for obtaining high-resolution images and 3D reconstruction. The images from the confocal are far better then other microscopes; however, not quite as good as fluorescent microscopes. The confocal shows the most fine details as possible in 3D; the confocal microscopy offers several advantages over conventional wide-fieldRead MoreThe Confocal Microscopy And Microscopy2439 Words   |  10 Pagesfor study fixed and living cells because of its versatility, specificity, and high sensitivity. Introduction: The Confocal Microscope is a type of microscope that is being developed for obtaining high-resolution images and 3D reconstruction. The images from the confocal are far better then other microscopes; however, not quite as good as fluorescent microscopes. The confocal shows the most fine details as possible in 3D; the confocal microscopy offers several advantages over conventional wide-fieldRead MoreThe Effects Of Iron Concentration On Brain Tissue3722 Words   |  15 Pagesto radiation risks, MRI has proved to be a more superior modality due to its sensitivity to the paramagnetic iron. Several techniques have been developed using different MRI data such as Magnetic Field Correlation, T2, T2’, T2*, phase and magnitude images, SWI and QSM with the QSM being the latest technique. Magnetic Field Correlation (MFC) MFC is a specific measure of magnetic inhomogeneity caused by iron and is independent of other unrelated molecular relaxation. It has been shown to be able to detectRead MoreThe Function Of Thyroid Gland1988 Words   |  8 Pagesand Nuclear Medicines). Ultrasound is the leading imaging technique for diagnosis of thyroid diseases [5][6], Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging also have a high important role for assessment the thyroid malignancy [7]. Nuclear medicine is the imaging of utilization of radioactive compounds in medicine to image and treat various human diseases. It depends on the ‘tracer principle’ that studies of the fate of compounds in vivo using small amounts of radioactive materials [8]. NuclearRead MoreEssay on Use of Geographic Data in Natural Disasters2437 Words   |  10 Pages The use of geographic data in the field of preventing and mitigating natural disasters remains a pioneering activity. However the circul ation of the technology is still hindered by many issues such as the difficulty in obtaining the appropriate raw data, the lack of effective graphical user interfaces, the intricacy of predictive models and the expense of digitisation (Carrara et al., 1999). Natural disasters are becoming more frequent around the world, as seen in figureRead MoreBanking Concepts and Practices39548 Words   |  159 Pagessupplies received from those countries. In its absence they end up in raising foreign debt which in turn has a cost by way of interest; or else they end up in depleting nation’s gold reserves. If a country depends on foreign supplies, it must give high priority to exports to that country to strengthen their balance of payment. In such a situation banks must step in to provide credit to export activities in a preferred manner to increase county’s reserves in that currency. C. MULTIPLE CREDIT CREATION:

Corporation, Partnership, or Sole Proprietorship Free Essays

Corporation, partnership, or sole  proprietorship? Now that you have decided to start your own business, you will have to determine what business structure or form of organization suits your needs. The structure of your business will depend on whether you want to run your business yourself or with a partner or associates. There are four types of business structures: sole proprietorships, partnerships, corporations and cooperatives. We will write a custom essay sample on Corporation, Partnership, or Sole  Proprietorship?   or any similar topic only for you Order Now On this page: 1. 1. Sole proprietorship 2. 2. Partnerships 3. 3. Corporations 4. 4. Cooperatives 1. Sole proprietorship^Top With this type of business organization, you would be fully responsible for all debts and obligations related to your business and all profits would be yours alone to keep. As a sole owner of the business, a creditor can make a claim against your personal or business assets to pay off any debt. Advantages: * Easy and inexpensive to form a sole proprietorship (you will only need to register your business name provincially, except in Newfoundland and Labrador) * Relatively low cost to start your business * Lowest amount of regulatory burden * Direct control of decision making Minimal working capital required to start-up * Tax advantages if your business is not doing well, for example, deducting your losses from your personal income, lower tax bracket when profits are low, and so on * All profits will go to you directly Disadvantages: * Unlimited liability (if you have business debts, personal assets would be used to pay off the debt) * Income would be taxable at your personal rate and, if your business is profitable, this may put you in a higher tax bracket * Lack of continuity for your business, if you need to be absent * Difficulty raising capital on your own 2. Partnerships^Top A partnership would be a good business structure if you want to carry on a business with a partner and you do not wish to incorporate your business. With a partnership, you would combine your financial resources with your partner into the business. You can establish the terms of your business with your partner and protect yourself in case of a disagreement or dissolution by drawing up a specific business agreement. As a partner, you would share in the profits of your business according to the terms of your agreement. You may also be interested in a limited liability partnership in the business. This means that you would not take part in the control or management of the business, but would be liable for debts to a specified extent only. When establishing a partnership, you should have a partnership agreement drawn up with the assistance of a lawyer, to ensure that: * You are protecting your interests * That you have clearly established the terms of the partnership with regards to issues like profit sharing, dissolving the partnership, and more * That you meet the legal requirements for a limited partnership (if applicable) Advantages: Easy to start-up a partnership * Start-up costs would be shared equally with you and your partner * Equal share in the management, profits and assets * Tax advantage, if income from the partnership is low or loses money (you and your partner include your share of the partnership in your individual tax return) Disadvantages: * Similar to sole proprietorship, as there is no legal difference between you and your business * Unlimited liability (if you have business debts, personal assets would be used to pay off the debt) * Hard to find a suitable partner Possible development of conflict between you and your partner * You are held financially responsible for business decisions made by your partner (for example, contracts that are broken) 3. Corporations^Top Another business structure is to incorporate your business. This can be done at the federal or provincial level. When you incorporate your business, it is considered to be a legal entity that is separate from the owners and shareholders. As a shareholder of a corporation, you will not be personally liable for the debts, obligations or acts of the corporation. When making such decisions, it is always wise to seek legal advice before incorporating. Advantages: * Limited liability * Ownership is transferable * Continuous existence * Separate legal entity * Easier to raise capital * Possible tax advantage as taxes may be lower for an incorporated business Disadvantages: * A corporation is closely regulated * More expensive to incorporate than a partnership or sole proprietorship * Extensive corporate records required, including shareholder and director meetings, and documentation filed annually with the government * Possible conflict between shareholders and directors Possible problem with residency of directors More information: To learn more about incorporation, please consult the following information: * Guide to Federal Incorporation Step by step guidelines to help you incorporate your business and set up an appropriate structure. Provincial or territorial  incorporation Alberta * Corporate Registry To conduct business in Alberta, regis ter your cooperative, corporation, extra-provincial company, non-profit company, society, trade name and/or partnership. Manitoba * Companies Office – Business name registration and provincial ncorporation (Manitoba) How do you register your business, and what do you need to know about provincial incorporation? New Brunswick * Incorporation / Registration of a business Find out about the rules, procedures and fees for registering a provincial corporation in New Brunswick. * Incorporation of non-profit companies (New Brunswick) Find out about the rules, procedures and fees for incorporating a not-for-profit company in New Brunswick. Newfoundland and Labrador * Registry of Companies (Newfoundland and Labrador) In Newfoundland and Labrador, you must register with the Registry of Companies if you decide to incorporate provincially. Northwest Territories * Corporate Registry — Co-operative Associations Are you looking to establish and incorporate a co-operative within the Northwest Territories? Find out the rules pertaining to starting your venture and what is needed to remain compliant with the law. * Corporate Registry — Business Corporations Are you looking to incorporate your business? Find out how you can register to do business in the Northwest Territories. Corporate Registry — Societies Are you interested in starting a society or non-profit organization? Find out the benefits of incorporation and what you are required to do at the territorial and federal levels. Nova Scotia * Business incorporation and registration (Nova Scotia) Incorporate your business provincially through the Nova Scotia Registry of Joint Stock Companies. Nunavut * Business corporations — Territorial corporations – (Nunavut) Find out how to incorporate as a territorial business in Nunavut. Ontario * Ontario Business Incorporation Incorporate your Ontario business online, in person, or by mail. * Professional corporations Find out how you can incorporate your practice in Ontario for specific regulated professions. * Correcting errors on your Ontario corporation documents You can ask to have errors corrected in documents you have filed for your Ontario corporation. * Making changes to your corporate information Find out how to make changes to the information about your Ontario corporation, including its name, address and number of directors. * How to merge Ontario corporations Do you have two or more active Ontario business corporations that you would like to merge? * Involuntary dissolution of Ontario business corporations Your corporation can be dissolved or cancelled if it has failed to comply with specific rules and regulations. * Reviving your corporation You may be able to revive your Ontario corporation if it was involuntarily dissolved within the past 20 years. * Incorporation (Not-for-Profit Corporations) You can incorporate your not-for-profit organization provincially with the Government of Ontario. Making Changes to Your Ontario Not-for-Profit Corporation Find out how to make changes to the information about your Ontario not-for-profit corporation. * Reviving your Ontario not-for-profit corporation You can restart your previously cancelled Ontario not-for-profit corporation by filing an Application for Revival. Quebec * Incorporate a business (Quebec) Learn the steps to incorporate your business in Quebec, especially the forms to be filled out and the application process. Saskatchewan * Incorporating Your Business in Saskatchewan Find out how to incorporate your business in Saskatchewan, including the fees, the forms required and the turn-around time. * Forming a Non-Profit Corporation in Saskatchewan Find out how to register your non-profit corporation in Saskatchewan, including the fees, the forms required and the turn-around time. 4. Cooperatives^Top The last business structure you could create is a cooperative. With a cooperative, you would have a business that would be owned by an association of members. This is the least common form of business, but can be ppropriate in situations where a group of persons or businesses decide to pool their resources to provide access to common needs, such as the delivery of products or services, the sale of products or services, employment, and more. Advantages: * Owned and controlled by members * Democratic control (one member, one vote) * Limited liability * Profit distribution Disadvantages: * Possible conflict between members * Longer decision-making process * Parti cipation of members needed for success * Extensive record keeping * Less incentive to invest additional capital How to cite Corporation, Partnership, or Sole  Proprietorship?  , Papers

Constitutional reforms since 1997 reduced free essay sample

To what extent have constitutional reforms since 1997 reduced the power of the UK government? BY AbbteQ To what extent have constitutional reforms since 1997 reduced the power of the UK Constitutional reform is the process of changing the way in which a country may be governed. There are many reforms that have arguably changed the UK constitution in such an extent that the power of the elected government has been reduced or restricted. Changes such have these have occurred much more frequently in the years since 1997. One reform that can be seen to have reduced the power of overnment in the I-JK is the act of devolution or decentralisation. An example of this is the establishment of a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly in 1999. The creation of these bodies meant that regions in the UK that are not very close to London, and in turn Parliament, could have easier access to politics as the people in that area could have their opinions heard better. We will write a custom essay sample on Constitutional reforms since 1997 reduced or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many would say that as a result of Devolution the I-JK was becoming more democratic and so this change to the constitution was a good thing. However, this reform may look positive on the surface ut if it as looked at in more detail it is clear that this may not be the case. Even though there are now democratic bodies in places that are some distance away from London, parliament and government still hold sovereignty and so can dictate what changes these devolved bodies can or cannot make. On the other hand, if devolution becomes more prominent in the I-JK, the general public may begin to lose respect for government and instead listen to more local political bodies when looking for direction on current issues. As a result of this government power may be reduced by eforming the constitution in this manner since 1997. Another way in which the governments power could be seen to be reduced is the reform of the House of Lords. This is because there is speculation over whether after enforcing Stage 1 of the reform (the removal of hereditary peers from the House of Lords, other than 92) the process should continue and Stage 2 be enforced. Stage 2 of the reform would be the conversion of the House of Lords into a second elected chamber. Many would argue that this reform would cause government to lose power as with a larger number of lected MPs there may be more checks on government actions put in place. Because of this those in power would have to be more careful regarding their actions and proposals. In contrast to this, others would argue that the government would not lose power as they would still be needed to be the body that runs the country. This is because it would be virtually impossible for such a large body to run the country on its own as the conflicting opinions would be too great and arguments would cause the decision process to be slowed dramatically. Consequently, it can be argued that his reform since 1997 would not reduce the power of the government in the I-JK. Referendums are one way in which the power of the I-JK government can be reduced due to constitutional change. An example ot this is when reterendums were used to help the government decide whether devolution was a good idea or not. This meant that the voices and opinions of the people living in the I-JK were heard when an issue that would affect their lives was being decided upon. The rapidly increasing use of referendum in I-JK politics could be reducing the power of government by giving the ublic too much power of their own. If the average person is allowed the opportunity to decide upon serious political issues to regularly then this could mean a loss of respect and faith in the government in the collective public. This would be caused by the idea that if the people of the country could make decisions perfectly well on their own then that said country would theoretically not be in need of a government. However, referendums are not yet legally binding and so the result can only be used to guide political decisions and not make them. Because of this the government can completely ignore the opinion of the public even after a referendum has been held if they choose to do so. Also, it is the government who has to hold the referendums to start with but if they do not feel they need the help of the public or want to know the peoples view they are under no obligation to hold a referendum. For example there was a failure to hold a promised referendum on an alternative voting system. As a result of this it can be argued that government is not losing power because of constitutional reform. To a certain extent, constitutional reforms since 1997 have reduced the power of the government in the I-JK. This is because the country can be seen to be becoming more democratic in that it is creating a situation of demos cratos (power to the people). However, the winning argument seems to be that government power has not been reduced. This is because no matter what reform has been made, the London government has overall rule on issues (combined with the influence of parliament) and there is still a need for the political body.